Fertilizer is the food of plants and fertilization is an important way to ensure high and stable yield of crops in agricultural production. Although the use of chemical fertilizer in a certain time and a certain extent, improve the yield of crops, but the damage to soil, water, agricultural products and environmental is increasing, such as soil acidification, harden, nutritional imbalance, groundwater contamination, Excessive levels of heavy metals and nitrates in agricultural products lead to a variety of ecological environmental pollution and human diseases. Due to heavy and indiscriminate application of chemical fertilizers without paying attention to the application of organic fertilizers, the lack of soil organic matter has led to the decline of soil fertility, which has become an important limiting factor affecting the sustainable development of agriculture, the stable and high yield of crops. Organic fertilizers usually contain more than 45% organic matter, more than 2.5% nitrogen and more than 2% phosphorus, they also contain various trace elements, they are not only good fertilizer sources, but also excellent soil conditioner
Therefore, the wide use of biological organic fertilizer is the necessary way to realize the sustainable development of agricultural science in the future.
1. Advantages of biological organic fertilizers
1) complete nutrient elements of biological organic fertilizer; Chemical fertilizers have only one or several nutrient elements.
2) biological organic fertilizer can improve soil; Frequent use of chemical fertilizers causes soil to harden.
3) bio-organic fertilizer can improve product quality; Excessive application of chemical fertilizers leads to poor quality of products.
4) bio-organic fertilizers can improve the rhizosphere microflora of crops and the ability of plants to resist diseases and insects. Fertilizer is a single microbial population of crops, susceptible to diseases and insect pests.
5) bio-organic fertilizers can promote the use of chemical fertilizers and improve the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers; the only ues chemical fertilizer will result in the fixation and loss of nutrients.
(6)bio-organic fertilizer is completely decomposed at high temperature, most of the pathogenic bacteria and eggs were killed, occurrence of diseases and insect pests will be reduced, will not burn roots or rot seedlings, and it is deodorized, almost no odor.
2.Production technology
Because the technical content of the production of biological organic fertilizer is relatively high. In addition to adding biological bacteria agent that promotes decomposition of organic materials in the process of fermentation, so as to achieve the purpose of directional deodorization, microorganisms with specific functions are also needed in the product to improve the effect of the product. At present, in order to promote the healthy development of organic fertilizers. The production of biological organic fertilizer, mainly engaged in microbial fertilizer production, adopt the way of groove turning fermentation, here the simple groove turning machine is the best choice, in the process, the fermentation material, water, carbon and nitrogen ratio, the adjustment of the temperature and the use of rotten agent is the key to the production process, especially the application of bacteria agent directly affects the c fermentation cycly and the degree of rotten of materials.The decomposed organic material basically realizes the harmlessness.
In the post-treatment of marterials after fermentation, add some functional bacteria to compound and shape the fertilizer, and the product form m is mainly powder, disc granulator suitable for this granulating process. and after the drying process and low-temperature cooling process,the granules meet the standard of moisture content. the qualified granules will by packed by the automatic packing machine. The unqualified granules were sent into the granulator to being the re-granulating process.
3.The use of Bacterial species
Microbial strains are the core of biological organic fertilizer products. In the production process, there are two ways involving the use of microorganisms:
1. Add decomposing materials and bacteria agent with the function of deodorization.
2. Add the functional bacteria after the maturation of the organic material
For the production of biological organic fertilizers, the screening and use of microbial strains is a core technology. Only master this key technology can accelerate the decompostion of materials, guarantee the application effect of products.
4.Sales and application
Bio- organic fertilizer is mainly applied to economic crops with high added value, such as vegetables, fruits, Chinese herbal medicine, and has achieved good results. So we also learn how to choose a suitable bio-ogranic fertilizer production line according to the different demands.
With low production cost, good application effect and no pollution to the environment, bio-fertilizers can not only increase production, but also improve the quality of agricultural products and reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer, which plays an important role in sustainable development of agriculture. As people's living standards continue to improve, higher requirements have been put forward for the quantity and quality of agricultural products. The continuous decrease of farmland, the increase of fertilizer application, the soaring production cost and the continuous deterioration of environment provide a good development opportunity for biological fertilizer.