1. Warming up period
During the heating process, the types of microorganisms are mainly mesophilic microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes. They mainly decompose and release part of the soluble matrix NH such as sugar and starch and release a lot of heat. When the temperature reaches 25°C, mesophilic microorganisms reproduce and grow rapidly, and can reach 40°C to 45°C in about 20 hours. When the temperature exceeds 45℃~50℃, the compost enters the high temperature period.
2. High temperature period
As the temperature increases, mesophilic microorganisms gradually lose their activity, and are replaced by thermophilic microorganisms such as Bacillus and Actinomyces. The optimum temperature for the high temperature period of composting should be within 55~60°C. Within this range, the species and quantity of microorganisms are abundant, and the activity is the best, which can ensure a high degradation rate of organic matter, kill parasites, pathogenic microorganisms and harmful bacteria, and realize harmless composting.
3. Cooling period
In the later stage of composting, the easily degradable nutrients are basically completely consumed, the activity of thermophilic microorganisms is reduced, and the heat release is reduced. When the temperature gradually dropped to below 50°C, the total number of mesophilic microorganisms such as yeast actinomycetes and nitrifying bacteria increased, and the formation of refractory organics was further reduced.
4. Mature period
When the compost temperature gradually drops to the same as the ambient temperature, the compost enters the mature stage. The organic matter is basically decomposed and kept stable, and the nutrient content of humus and fertilizers, especially basal fertilizers, increases significantly.
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